centOS安装k8s

本文详细介绍了在CentOS系统上安装Kubernetes集群的完整步骤，包括环境准备（设置主机名、关闭swap和SELinux、关闭防火墙）、网络配置、Docker安装与配置、kubelet/kubeadm/kubectl安装、集群初始化、Flannel网络插件部署、节点加入及常见问题处理。提供了大量命令和配置文件示例，适用于初学者快速搭建K8s环境。

K8SCentOSDocker
作者：zhuge···预计阅读 38 分钟·3,749 阅读·0 评论
centOS安装k8s

#####设置主机名

hostnamectl set-hostname k8s-master
echo "192.168.119.151 k8s-master" >>  /etc/hosts #master
#生成公钥
ssh-keygen
ssh-copy-id -i .ssh/id_rsa.pub root@ip

#####关闭swap

#临时
swapoff -a
#永久
vim /etc/fstab
#/dev/mapper/centos_hhdcloudrd6-swap swap

#####关闭selinux

#临时
setenforce 0
#永久
sudo sed -i 's/SELINUX=.*/SELINUX=disabled/g' /etc/selinux/config
sudo sed -i 's/SELINUX=.*/SELINUX=disabled/g' /etc/sysconfig/selinux
#查看selinux
sestatus

#####关闭防火墙

systemctl stop firewalld
systemctl disable firewall

#####启用 bridge-nf-call-iptables 预防网络问题

echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/bridge/bridge-nf-call-iptables

OR #####配置K8S虚拟网络路由转发

sudo echo -e "net.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
net.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1" > /etc/sysctl.conf

#####设置网桥参数

cat << EOF > /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
EOF

#####安装docker

curl -fsSL https://get.docker.com | bash -s docker --mirror Aliyun

#####修改docker的 /etc/docker/daemon.json文件

#注意引号的丢失
sudo mkdir -p /etc/docker
echo -e "{
   "registry-mirrors": ["https://r61ch9pn.mirror.aliyuncs.com"],
   "exec-opts": ["native.cgroupdriver=systemd"]
}" > /etc/docker/daemon.json

cat /etc/docker/daemon.json
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl restart docker
systemctl enable docker

#####查看kubelet驱动

cat /var/lib/kubelet/config.yaml |grep group

#####配置k8s下载资源配置文件

cat <<EOF > /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo
[kubernetes]
name=Kubernetes
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
repo_gpgcheck=0
gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/rpm-package-key.gpg
EOF

#####查看可安装版本kubelet（k8s) 并安装

yum list kubelet --showduplicates|sort -r

yum install -y --nogpgcheck kubelet-1.23.13 kubeadm-1.23.13 kubectl-1.23.13

#####查看是否安装成功

kubelet --version
kubectl version
kubeadm version

#####启动kubelet

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start kubelet
systemctl enable kubelet

#####创建配置文件

kubeadm config print init-defaults > init-config.yaml
vim init-config.yaml

######修改三处

apiVersion: kubeadm.k8s.io/v1beta3
bootstrapTokens:
- groups:
  - system:bootstrappers:kubeadm:default-node-token
  token: abcdef.0123456789abcdef
  ttl: 24h0m0s
  usages:
  - signing
  - authentication
kind: InitConfiguration
localAPIEndpoint:
  advertiseAddress: 192.168.119.155  #修改为MasterIP
  bindPort: 6443
nodeRegistration:
  criSocket: /var/run/dockershim.sock
  imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
  name: k8s-master #修改为机器名
  taints: null
---
apiServer:
  timeoutForControlPlane: 4m0s
apiVersion: kubeadm.k8s.io/v1beta3
certificatesDir: /etc/kubernetes/pki
clusterName: kubernetes
controllerManager: {}
dns: {}
etcd:
  local:
    dataDir: /var/lib/etcd
imageRepository: registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers #修改为阿里云
kind: ClusterConfiguration
kubernetesVersion: 1.23.0
networking:
  dnsDomain: cluster.local
  serviceSubnet: 10.96.0.0/12
scheduler: {}

#####查看 需要拉取的镜像

kubeadm config images list --config init-config.yaml

######pull.sh

#!/bin/bash
images=`kubeadm config images list --config init-config.yaml`

if [[ -n ${images} ]]
then
  echo "开始拉取镜像"
  for i in ${images};
    do 
      echo $i
      docker pull $i;
  done
else
 echo "没有可拉取的镜像"
fi

#####或者使用下面的 #####所需镜像可以通过下面命令查看

kubeadm config images list

#先拉取这些镜像
images=(
kube-apiserver:v1.23.13
kube-controller-manager:v1.23.13
kube-scheduler:v1.23.13
kube-proxy:v1.23.13
pause:3.6
etcd:3.5.1-0
coredns:v1.8.6
)
#coredns/coredns:v1.8.6 需要自己命名 为k8s.gcr.io/coredns/coredns:v1.8.6
for i in ${images[@]}
do
        #下载镜像
        docker pull registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/coredns:v1.8.6${i}
        #打上标签
        docker tag registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/${i} k8s.gcr.io/${i}
        #删除之前镜像
        docker rmi registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/${i}
done

#####确保swap和SELINUX已关闭

setenforce 0
swapoff -a

#####获取k8s版本

ver=`kubeadm version|awk '{print $5}'|sed "s/[^0-9|.]//g"|awk 'NR==1{print}'`

#####初始化

#获取MASTER主机IP
ip=`cat /etc/hosts|grep k8s-master|awk '{print $1}'|awk 'NR==1{print}'`
#验证信息
echo -e "k8s version is v${ver} , master ip is ${ip}"
#初始化
kubeadm init --apiserver-advertise-address=1 \
    --image-repository registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers \
    --kubernetes-version v${ver} \
    --service-cidr=10.1.0.0/16 \
    --pod-network-cidr=10.244.0.0/16 \
    --ignore-preflight-errors=all
#失败时进行复位
#kubeadm reset -f

mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config

export KUBECONFIG=/etc/kubernetes/admin.conf
#kube-flannel.yml在文末
kubectl apply -f kube-flannel.yml

#####其它节点加入

kubeadm join ip:port --token xxxxxx.xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx \
        --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

#查看存在的token
kubeadm token list
#生成永久token
kubeadm token create --ttl 0
#生成 Master 节点的 ca 证书 sha256 编码 hash 值
openssl x509 -pubkey -in /etc/kubernetes/pki/ca.crt | openssl rsa -pubin -outform der 2>/dev/null | openssl dgst -sha256 -hex | sed  's/^.* //'

#####其它命令

#生成加入节点的命令
kubeadm token create --print-join-command
#在master节点查看 加入的node节点 
kubectl get nodes
#删除节点
kubectl delete nodes 节点名称
#master节点删除node节点后，node节点再次加入需要在node节点执行 kubeadm reset
#查看kubelet日志
journalctl -xefu kubelet

#重启kubelet
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl restart kubelet
#node节点kubeadm join失败
kubeadm -y reset
kubeadm join
#删除
kubectl delete -f ***.yaml
#生效
kubectl apply -f ***.yaml

#网络插件使用 weave 网络插件 和 kube-flannel 2选一就可以
wget http://static.corecore.cn/weave.v2.8.1.yaml
kubectl apply -f weave.v2.8.1.yaml

#卸载
yum -y remove kubelet kubeadm kubectl
sudo kubeadm reset -f
sudo rm -rvf $HOME/.kube
sudo rm -rvf ~/.kube/
sudo rm -rvf /etc/kubernetes/
sudo rm -rvf /etc/systemd/system/kubelet.service.d
sudo rm -rvf /etc/systemd/system/kubelet.service
sudo rm -rvf /usr/bin/kube*
sudo rm -rvf /etc/cni
sudo rm -rvf /opt/cni
sudo rm -rvf /var/lib/etcd
sudo rm -rvf /var/etcd

######使用kubeadm安装k8s集群的小bug，查看时候会出现不健康状态

cd etc/kubernetes/manifest/
vim kube-scheduler.yaml
spec:
  containers:
  - command:
    -port:0 #删除

######kube-flannel.yml

---
kind: Namespace
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  name: kube-flannel
  labels:
    pod-security.kubernetes.io/enforce: privileged
---
kind: ClusterRole
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
  name: flannel
rules:
- apiGroups:
  - ""
  resources:
  - pods
  verbs:
  - get
- apiGroups:
  - ""
  resources:
  - nodes
  verbs:
  - list
  - watch
- apiGroups:
  - ""
  resources:
  - nodes/status
  verbs:
  - patch
---
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
  name: flannel
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: flannel
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
  name: flannel
  namespace: kube-flannel
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  name: flannel
  namespace: kube-flannel
---
kind: ConfigMap
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  name: kube-flannel-cfg
  namespace: kube-flannel
  labels:
    tier: node
    app: flannel
data:
  cni-conf.json: |
    {
      "name": "cbr0",
      "cniVersion": "0.3.1",
      "plugins": [
        {
          "type": "flannel",
          "delegate": {
            "hairpinMode": true,
            "isDefaultGateway": true
          }
        },
        {
          "type": "portmap",
          "capabilities": {
            "portMappings": true
          }
        }
      ]
    }
  net-conf.json: |
    {
      "Network": "10.244.0.0/16",
      "Backend": {
        "Type": "vxlan"
      }
    }
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: DaemonSet
metadata:
  name: kube-flannel-ds
  namespace: kube-flannel
  labels:
    tier: node
    app: flannel
spec:
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: flannel
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        tier: node
        app: flannel
    spec:
      affinity:
        nodeAffinity:
          requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
            nodeSelectorTerms:
            - matchExpressions:
              - key: kubernetes.io/os
                operator: In
                values:
                - linux
      hostNetwork: true
      priorityClassName: system-node-critical
      tolerations:
      - operator: Exists
        effect: NoSchedule
      serviceAccountName: flannel
      initContainers:
      - name: install-cni-plugin
       #image: flannelcni/flannel-cni-plugin:v1.1.0 for ppc64le and mips64le (dockerhub limitations may apply)
        image: docker.io/rancher/mirrored-flannelcni-flannel-cni-plugin:v1.1.0
        command:
        - cp
        args:
        - -f
        - /flannel
        - /opt/cni/bin/flannel
        volumeMounts:
        - name: cni-plugin
          mountPath: /opt/cni/bin
      - name: install-cni
       #image: flannelcni/flannel:v0.20.1 for ppc64le and mips64le (dockerhub limitations may apply)
        image: docker.io/rancher/mirrored-flannelcni-flannel:v0.20.1
        command:
        - cp
        args:
        - -f
        - /etc/kube-flannel/cni-conf.json
        - /etc/cni/net.d/10-flannel.conflist
        volumeMounts:
        - name: cni
          mountPath: /etc/cni/net.d
        - name: flannel-cfg
          mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
      containers:
      - name: kube-flannel
       #image: flannelcni/flannel:v0.20.1 for ppc64le and mips64le (dockerhub limitations may apply)
        image: docker.io/rancher/mirrored-flannelcni-flannel:v0.20.1
        command:
        - /opt/bin/flanneld
        args:
        - --ip-masq
        - --kube-subnet-mgr
        resources:
          requests:
            cpu: "100m"
            memory: "50Mi"
          limits:
            cpu: "100m"
            memory: "50Mi"
        securityContext:
          privileged: false
          capabilities:
            add: ["NET_ADMIN", "NET_RAW"]
        env:
        - name: POD_NAME
          valueFrom:
            fieldRef:
              fieldPath: metadata.name
        - name: POD_NAMESPACE
          valueFrom:
            fieldRef:
              fieldPath: metadata.namespace
        - name: EVENT_QUEUE_DEPTH
          value: "5000"
        volumeMounts:
        - name: run
          mountPath: /run/flannel
        - name: flannel-cfg
          mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
        - name: xtables-lock
          mountPath: /run/xtables.lock
      volumes:
      - name: run
        hostPath:
          path: /run/flannel
      - name: cni-plugin
        hostPath:
          path: /opt/cni/bin
      - name: cni
        hostPath:
          path: /etc/cni/net.d
      - name: flannel-cfg
        configMap:
          name: kube-flannel-cfg
      - name: xtables-lock
        hostPath:
          path: /run/xtables.lock
          type: FileOrCreate

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